Cloud Transitions | Suffocating the Oceans | From Storm to Aurora | Small Pillars and Blocks | Ironing Out Ancient Ocean Chemistry | CRISPR Virus Defenses | Arsenic and Old Organisms | RNA Interfer...

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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Variety from Repetitive DNA | PSYCHOLOGY: The Cost of Equal Opportunity | GEOLOGY: Colder than Expected | BIOCHEMISTRY: Frozen in Time | MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Silencing miRNAs | CLI...

The Stars Are Out in China | Changes to Species Law Draw Fire | Report: Think Simple on Cars | British Scientists Seek Altered Trees | Physicists Feel the Spotlight

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THREE Q'S | IN BRIEF | IN BRIEF | THEY SAID IT | SLICE OF LIFE

Authors: M. R. C. Greenwood, Gordon Ringold, Doug Kellogg

Scientists say a key document unveiled last week now enables a reconstruction of the trail that led the FBI from the deadly anthrax letters back to Bruce Ivins's lab at the U.S. Army Medical Resear...

Of the dozens of forecasting techniques proffered by government, academic, and private-sector climatologists, all but two are virtually worthless, according to a new study.

Author: Richard A. Kerr

AIDS researchers have long argued that HIV prevention and treatment efforts should go hand in hand, but they rarely do. Their fickle relationship received intense scrutiny at the XVII International...

Ten years of research have yielded detailed new insights into the stunning images considered the world's oldest cave art. But questions about their age are resurfacing.

Author: Michael Balter

After forgoing theater ambitions, and despite early marriage and motherhood, Olivera Finn has risen through immunology's ranks thanks to her work on cancer vaccines.

Author: Mitch Leslie

Despite ever-rising college costs, a $4.5 billion federal aid program to lure students into science is vastly undersubscribed.

Author: Jeffrey Mervis

Taking some of the fuzziness out of climate models is revealing the uneven U.S. impact of future global warming; the most severely affected region may be emerging already.

Author: Richard A. Kerr

Authors: Daniel J. Bain, Sean M. C. Smith, Gregory N. Nagle

Authors: Peter Wilcock;, Robert C. Walter, Dorothy J. Merritts

Authors: Lior Shamir, Rob Jenkins, A. Mike Burton

Authors: Weihong Deng, Jun Guo, Jiani Hu, Honggang Zhang

Authors: R. Jenkins, A. M. Burton

In this detailed consideration of the extinctions that followed the human arrival on the Mascarene Islands (Indian Ocean), the authors describe the complex manner in which the island ecosystems unr...

Drawing on neuroscience, cultural evolution, and human biology, the author agues for an approach that abandons "prehistory" and unites our recent and deep pasts.

Author: Asif A. Ghazanfar

Powerful forms of business innovation represent a challenge to U.S. efforts in technology development.

Author: Lewis M. Branscomb

Leishmania parasites convert the toxic environment within a neutrophil into a safe haven during infection.

Authors: Beena John, Christopher A. Hunter

Use of noncovalent interactions involving halogen atoms opens up new ways to manipulate molecular recognition processes.

Authors: P. Metrangolo, G. Resnati

A combination of self-assembled block copolymers with templated substrates can be used for precision lithographic applications.

Author: Rachel A. Segalman

The triggers of geomagnetic substorms, and their connection to auroral displays, have been sought in data from a satellite fleet and ground-based observations.

Author: A. A. Petrukovich

A mechanism that generates small RNAs in bacteria provides protection against bacteriophage.

Author: Ryland F. Young III

New data change the picture of how the iron, oxygen, and sulfur contents of the ocean evolved.

Author: Timothy W. Lyons

The founder of medical genetics was a driving force behind current progress in applying genetic information to medicine.

Author: Francis S. Collins

Authors: Robert J. Diaz, Rutger Rosenberg

An array of silver nanowires placed in a porous alumina matrix forms a three-dimensional material that negatively refracts visible light.

Authors: Jie Yao, Zhaowei Liu, Yongmin Liu, Yuan Wang, Cheng...

Satellite and ground-based data show that reconnection of magnetic field lines in Earth's magnetotail precedes dramatic aurora displays and is the source of magnetic substorms.

Authors: Vassilis Ang...

An appropriate substrate pattern can direct an even finer pattern of a block copolymer, improving the resolution for lithography by a factor of four, beyond the usual limits.

Authors: Ricardo Ruiz, ...

A substrate patterned with a sparse array of nanoscale posts can direct the self-assembly of block copolymers to create a finely ordered lithographic array, even over a large area.

Authors: Ion Bita...

The structure of monolayers of alkyl thiols on gold--widely useful in nanotechnology--depends on the packing of the alkyl chains; long chains disorder the gold surface.

Authors: A. Cossaro, R. Mazza...

Modeling and satellite data show how absorption of light by aerosols can affect cloud properties and growth, linking these particles' opposing radiative and physical effects.

Authors: Ilan Koren, J....

Low sulfur input caused the deeper ocean to become anoxic and rich in ferrous iron 750 million years ago, a reversal from the more oxidizing conditions of the previous 1 billion years.

Authors: Dona...

After a pathogen invades a plant, a protein, usually kept in a multimeric state by S-nitrosylation, is dissociated by thioredoxin, freeing the monomers for defense responses.

Authors: Yasuomi Tada, ...

Shotgun sequencing of 27-base pair segments of messenger RNA from human kidney and immune cells identifies previously undescribed transcriptional units and splice functions.

Authors: Marc Sultan, Ma...

Some bacterial genomes contain remnant sequences from previous viral infections, which are transcribed into RNA to guide inactivation of the virus in subsequent infections.

Authors: Stan J. J. Broun...

Upon bacterial infection, Arabidopsis mounts a microRNA-mediated innate immune defense, which is inhibited by proteins of the bacteria, allowing other infections.

Authors: Lionel Navarro, Florence J...

A primitive form of photosynthesis in which arsenic is the electron donor occurs in purple bacteria in a California lake, perhaps a relic of early life forms.

Authors: T. R. Kulp, S. E. Hoeft, M. As...

Visualization of the area around a bite from a parasite-infected sand fly shows that the first immune cells to arrive engulf and unexpectedly protect the invading parasite.

Authors: Nathan C. Peters...

Tested in a small group of patients, a therapeutic antibody binds to both tumor cells and immune cells, increasing the local concentration and effectiveness of the immune cells.

Authors: Ralf Bargou...

Only 100 synapses are required to accurately code for the animals' velocity in the mouse cerebellum; the charge transfer into neurons is linearly related to acceleration.

Authors: Alexander Arenz, R...

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Author: Jacqueline Ruttimann